Cause and Effects Posted by vuotaa.com Categories Blog Date 7 April 2024 Comments 0 comment Report a question What’s wrong with this question? You cannot submit an empty report. Please add some details. /50 Cause and Effects Cause and effect tasks in analytical reasoning involve analyzing the relationship between events or phenomena. Participants must identify the factors (causes) that lead to specific outcomes (effects) or consequences. Mastery of cause and effect tasks enhances critical thinking, logical reasoning, and the ability to discern causal relationships. These exercises are common in academic assessments, problem-solving scenarios, and decision-making contexts, serving as a measure of one’s ability to analyze complex situations and understand the interconnectedness of events. Effective performance in cause and effect tasks demonstrates proficiency in identifying patterns, predicting outcomes, and making informed decisions based on an understanding of underlying causal mechanisms. 1 / 50 1) A. The government has made the rules for the disposal of waste and other chemicals from the industries more stringent to keep a check on pollution level in the atmosphere. B. Complex reaction of chemicals, such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emitted from power plants, industries and automobiles escalate the level of particulate matter in the atmosphere. A) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is the effect B) If both the Statements A and B are independent causes C) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is the effect D) If both the Statements A and B are effects of independent causes Clearly, due to the escalation in the level of particulate matter in the atmosphere the government has mandate to keep a check on pollution level in the atmosphere. Hence, Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect. 2 / 50 2) Statement A There was a huge crowd of buyers at various shopping outlets in the city. Statement B Prices of most of the commodities have gone up substantially in the recent past. A) If both statements are effects of independent causes B) If both statements are independent causes C) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect D) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect Both Statements A and B are effects of independent causes. 3 / 50 3) The Times of India has reported today that water of Ganga at Varanasi contains level of pollutant much higher than the permissible limit. II. The people living in the area are to be shifted to another area to avoid a catastrophic situation A) If both Statements I and II are effects of independent causes B) If Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect C) If Statement I is the causes and Statement II is its effect D) If both Statements I and II are effects of some common cause Both are the effects of common cause i.e. water of Ganga at Varanasi contains higher level of pollutant. 4 / 50 4) Statement A Despite giving their best performance, more than 100 employees of XYZ Pvt. Ltd. have been laid off. Statement B More than 40% employees of XYZ Pvt. Ltd. who have crossed the age of 50 yrs have been asked to take voluntary retirement from their services. A) If both statements are effects of some common cause B) If both statements are independent causes C) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect D) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect Both the statements are effects of some common cause. 5 / 50 5) Statement A Ahmed is a healthy boy. Statement B His mother is very particular about the food he eats. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect C) If both statements are independent causes D) If both statements are effects of independent causes Since, Ahmed’s mother take care of what he eats, Ahmed has a good health. 6 / 50 6) Statement A The road traffic between the two towns in the state has been disrupted since last week. Statement B The rail traffic between the two towns in the state has been disrupted since last week. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If both statements are independent causes C) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect D) If both statements are effects of some common cause A and B both seem to have a common cause, agitation on a large scale. 7 / 50 7) A. There is increase in water level of all water tanks supplying drinking water to the city during the last fortnight. B. Most of the trains were cancelled last week due to water logging on the tracks. A) If both the Statements A and B are effects of common cause B) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is the effect C) If both the Statements A and B are independent causes D) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is the effect The problems discussed in both the statements are clearly the result of heavy rain in the area. Hence, A and B both are effects of common cause. Therefore, option (e) is correct. 8 / 50 8) Statement A The police authority has recently caught a group of house breakers. Statement B The citizens group in the locality have started night vigil in the area. A) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect B) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect C) If both statements are independent causes D) If both statements are effects of some common cause Both the statements A and B are clearly backed by a common cause, which is clearly an increase in the number of thefts in the locality. 9 / 50 9) Statement A The farmers have decided against selling their Kharif crops to the Government agencies. Statement B The Government has reduced the procurement-price of Kharif crops starting from last month to the next six months. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If both statements are independent causes C) If both statements are effects of independent causes D) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect The reduction in procurement price of crops must have instigated the farmers not to sell their produce to Government agencies. 10 / 50 10) Statement A The staff of airport authorities called off the strike they were observing in protest against privatisation. Statement B The staff of airport authorities went on strike, anticipating a threat to their jobs. A) If both statements are effects of independent causes B) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect C) If both statements are independent causes D) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect Clearly, calling of the strike and going on strike are events that may not be backed by the same cause. Therefore, they must have been effectstriggered by separate independentcauses. 11 / 50 11) Effect Cost of Petroleum products has been increased almost 20% in last two months. Which of the following may be the possible cause of the effect mentioned above? A) People have decided to protest against the inertia of government towards essential commodities B) In last couple of weeks, the cost of crude oil in the international market has been increased immensely C) Union of truck owners has decided to increase carriage about 20% with immediate effect D) The cost of vegetables and other food items has been increased by more than 30% t is the obvious reason for the given effect. 12 / 50 12) Statement A The Government has recently fixed the fees for professional courses offered by the unaided institutions which are much lower than the fees charged last year. Statement B The parents of the aspiring students launched a severe agitation last year protesting against the high fees charged by the unaided institutions. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect C) If both statements are independent causes D) If both statements are effects of independent causes Closing the schools for a week and the parents with drawing their words from the local schools are independent issues, which must have been triggered by different individual causes. Thus, Statement II is cause and Statement I is its effect. 13 / 50 13) Statement A Staff members of the university decided to go on strike in protest during the examinations. Statement B The university administration made all the arrangements for smooth conduct of examination with the help of outsiders. A) If both statements are effects of independent causes B) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect C) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect D) If both statements are independent causes Since, the staff members have gone on strike, the help of outsiders has been sought. 14 / 50 14) Statement A The traffic police removed the signal post at the intersection of two roads in a quiet locality. Statement B There have been many accidents at the intersection involving vehicles moving at high speed. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If both statements are independent causes C) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect D) If both statements are effects of independent causes The removal of the signal post has led to the accident. 15 / 50 15) I. The internet users of the country have been advised to stay alert while using internet till the hackers are caught. II. The Government machinery will make an all out effort to catch those who are responsible for hacking and put in place a sound internet security system for all its websites. A) If both Statements I and II are effects of independent causes B) If Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect C) If Statement I is the causes and Statement II is its effect D) If both Statements I and II are effects of some common cause Both the statements are the effects of common cause i.e. hackers are active. 16 / 50 16) Statement A The Government has decided to increase the prices of LPG cylinders with immediate effect. Statement B The Government has decided to increase the prices of Kerosine with immediate effect. A) If both statements are effects of some common cause B) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect C) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect D) If both statements are independent causes It seems the price of Petroleum has increased in general. Alternatively, subsidies may have been reduced, again a cause common to both the statements. 17 / 50 17) Statement A Most of the students enrolled themselves for the educational tour scheduled for next month. Statement B The school authority cancelled the educational tour scheduled for next month. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect C) If both statements are independent causes D) If both statements are effects of independent causes A happened so that students could see more of the world. B happened so that the school may attend to other important task. So, both statements are independent causes. 18 / 50 18) Statement A The local steel company has taken over the task of development and maintenance of the civic roads in the town. Statement B The local civic body requested the corporate bodies to help them maintain the civic facilities. A) If both statements are independent causes B) If both statements are effects of independent causes C) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect D) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect A has been done in response to B 19 / 50 19) Statement A There has been an increase in the underground water level column at all places in Delhi due to the last year’s monsoon rains. Statement B Many trains had to be cancelled last year due to water-logging on the railway tracks A) If both statements are independent causes B) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect C) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect D) If both statements are effects of some common cause Clearly, both the statements are the effects of some common cause. 20 / 50 20) Statement A Government has decided to distribute part of the foodgrain stock through Public Distribution System to people below poverty line. Statement B There has been bumper kharif crop for the last two seasons. A) If both statements are independent causes B) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect C) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect D) If both statements are effects of independent causes The bumper crop has led to the largesse shown by the Government. Thus, Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect. 21 / 50 21) Statement A A large number of employees could not report to the duty on time. Statement B Police had laid down barricades on the road to trap the miscreants. A) If both statements are independent causes B) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect C) If both statements are effects of independent causes D) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect A large number of employees could not report to the duty on time because police had laid down barricades on the road to drop the miscreants. So,Statement B is the cause whileStatement A is its effect. 22 / 50 22) Statement A The private medical colleges have increased the tution fees in the current year by 200% over the last year’s fee to meet the expenses. Statement B The Government medical colleges have not increased their fees inspite of price evaluation. A) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect B) If both statements are effects of independent causes C) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect D) If both statements are independent causes The increase in the fees of the private colleges and there being no increase in the same in Government colleges seem to be policy matters undertaken by the individual decisive boards at the two levels. 23 / 50 23) Cause Two wings of a building complex in a residential area collapsed. Which of the following is the possible effect of the cause mentioned above? I. Most of the flats of such residential wings were vacant from long time. II. A flat owner got done some major repairing works and in this process a main part got collapsed. III. Residents of the other wings in the complex were said to vacate their flats immediately A) Only III B) Only I C) Only II D) Both II and III Because of the collapse of certain wings, the residents of other wings may be said to vacate their flats, so that the residents of other wings could be safe from possible danger. Hence, option (c) is correct 24 / 50 24) Statement A Majority of the students in the college expressed their opinion against the college authority’s decision to break away from the university and become autonomous. Statement B The university authority has expressed its inability to provide grants to its constituent colleges. A) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect B) If both statements are effects of independent causes C) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect D) If both statements are independent causes It is obvious from given statements that both are independent causes of action. 25 / 50 25) Statement A Huge tidal waves wrecked the vast coastline early in the morning killing thousands of people. Statement B Large number of people gathered along the coastline to enjoy the spectacular view of sunrise. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If both statements are independent causes C) If both statements are effects of some common cause D) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect It appears some special cosmic phenomenon has led to both A and B. 26 / 50 26) Statement A The prices of petrol and diesel in the domestic market have remained unchanged for the past few months. Statement B The crude oil prices in the international market have gone up substantially in the last few months. A) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect B) If both statements are independent causes C) If both statements are effects of independent causes D) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect Since, in one part of word prices are same and in other parts prices are shooting up. So, Statement I and II both are the effect of independent causes 27 / 50 27) Statement A Heavy showers are expected in the city area during the next forty-eight hours. Statement B The inter-club cricket tournament scheduled for the week was called off. A) If both statements are effects of independent causes B) If both statements are independent causes C) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect D) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect The fear of rain has led to the tournament being called off. 28 / 50 28) Statement A As per the statistics, there has been a rise in the number of electric cars in country ‘Y’ this year. Statement B The oil prices have fallen strongly in country. ‘Y’ this year and are estimated to stay low for at least two years for now and not decrease further. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If both statements are independent causes C) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect D) If both statements are effects of independent causes Electric cars does not depend on the prices of oil, so both the Statements I and II are effects of independent causes 29 / 50 29) Statement A The Reserve Bank of India has recently put restrictions on few small banks in the country. Statement B The small banks in the private and cooperative sector in India are not in a position to withstand the competitions of the bigger in the public sector. A) If both statements are effects of independent causes B) If both statements are independent causes C) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect D) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect The inability of the small banks to compete with the bigger ones shall not ensure security and good service to the customers, which is an essential concomitant that has to be looked into by the RBI. It seems to be a remedial step for the same. 30 / 50 30) Statement A Party ‘X’ won clear majority in the recently held state assembly elections. Statement B Of late, there was unrest in public and also among the members of the ruling party of the state A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect C) If both statements are independent causes D) If both statements are effects of some common cause It can be safely assumed that party ‘X’ was earlier in the opposition and has benefitted from anti-incumbancy. But A and B are consequences of a common cause, i.e., bad governance by the ruling party 31 / 50 31) Statement A Worldwide recession has created uncertainity in job market. Statement B Many people are opting for change from private sector to public sector. A) If both statements are effects of independent causes B) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect C) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect D) If both statements are independent causes Many people are opting for change from private sector to public sector because worldwide recession has created uncertainly in the job market. It is considered that public sector jobs are more certain than the private sector jobs. So, Statements A is the cause while Statements B is the effect. 32 / 50 32) Statement A There has been constant rise in the number of immigrants to the metropolis for last many years. Statement B The infrastructure of the metropolis is struggling to take care of its increasing population. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If both statements are effects of independent causes C) If both statements are independent causes D) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect Clearly, A is the cause and B is the effect. 33 / 50 33) Statement A The braking system of the tourist bus carrying 40 passengers failed while negotiating a stiff climb on a hilly road. Statement B The tourist bus fell into the gorge killing at least ten passengers and seriously injuring all the remaining. A) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect B) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect C) If both statements are effects of independent causes D) If both statements are independent causes Brake failure led to the accident. 34 / 50 34) Statement A Most of the shopkeepers in the locality closed their shops for the second continuous day. Statement B Two groups of people living in the locality have been fighting with each other with bricks and stones, forcing people to stay indoors. A) If both statements are independent causes B) If both statements are effects of independent causes C) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect D) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect The fighting has led to the closure of the shops. 35 / 50 35) Statement A The prices of vegetables have been increased considerably during the summer. Statement B There is tremendous increase in the temperature during this summer there by damaging crops greatly. A) If both statements are independent causes B) If both statements are effects of independent causes C) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect D) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect Clearly, damage to crops due to high temperature may have resulted in a short supply of vegetables and an increase in their prices. 36 / 50 36) Statement A Frequent robberies in jewellery shops were recorded in distant suburbs of the city. Statement B Shop owners in the city and suburbs demanded improvement in security situation from the police authorities. A) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect B) If both statements are independent causes C) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect D) If both statements are effects of independent causes The robberies have led to a demand of improvement in security situation. 37 / 50 37) Statement A This year, the Government has decided to procure foodgrains earlier than the stipulated date. Statement B This year, the farmers have decided to sell their crops to private traders. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If both statements are effects of independent causes C) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect D) If both statements are independent causes Government has decided to procure foodgrain earlier than the stipulated data because farmers are planning to sell their crops to private traders. So, Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect. 38 / 50 38) Statement A It is the bounden duty of each member of the civil society to control the air pollution by contributing their best in this endeavour to safeguard the health of their countrymen. Statement B The alarming air pollution in our country is causing asthma cases to constantly multiply. A) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect B) If both statements are independent causes C) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect D) If both statements are effects of independent causes Statement II is cause and Statement I is effect. 39 / 50 39) Statement A The Government has suspended several police officers in the city. Statement B Five persons carrying huge quantity of illicit liquor were apprehended by police. A) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect B) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect C) If both statements are independent causes D) If both statements are effects of independent causes A certainly cannot be the effect of B, if we believe in an ethical world. A is the effect of bad policing and B of good policing. 40 / 50 40) Statement A The university authority has decided to conduct all terminal examinations in March/April every year to enable them to declare results in time. Statement B There has been considerable delay in declaring results in the past due to shortage of teachers evaluating the answer sheets of the examination conducted by the university. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If both statements are effects of independent causes C) If both statements are independent causes D) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect Both statements are independent causes. 41 / 50 41) Statement A The prices of sugar had risen very sharply in Indian markets last year. Statement B The Government imported large quantities of sugar as per trade agreements with other countries last year. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect C) If both statements are independent causes D) If both statements are effects of independent causes Statement I is the cause and Statement II is its effect. 42 / 50 42) Statement A The Government has marginally increased the procurement price of wheat for the current crop. Statement B The current wheat crop is expected to be 20% more than the previous wheat crop. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect C) If both statements are independent causes D) If both statements are effects of independent causes The Government initiative has led to greater wheat cultivation. 43 / 50 43) Statement A The prices of fruits have dropped substantially during the last few days. Statement B The prices of foodgrains have increased substantially during the last few days. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If both statements are effects of independent causes C) If both statements are independent causes D) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect A has happened because of increased supply of fruits. B has happened because of decreased supply of foodgrains. So, both are effects of independent causes. 44 / 50 44) Statement A The Government of state ‘X’ decided to ban working of women in night shifts and also in late evening hours. Statement B The percentage of working women has a significant rise in the last one decade. A) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect B) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect C) If both statements are independent causes D) If both statements are effects of independent causes A might have happened because harassment of woman is on the rise while B seems to be the result of a change in gender role perception. 45 / 50 45) I. Many people visited the religious place during the weekend. II. Few people visited the religious place during the week days. A) If Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect B) If both Statements I and II are effects of some common cause C) If Statement I is the causes and Statement II is its effect D) If both Statements I and II are effects of independent causes People visit religious places for peace and other religious activities. So, the cause remains the same despite of the effect that they visit on different days. Thus, both statements are effects of independent causes. 46 / 50 46) I. The prices of petroleum products dropped marginally last week. II. The State Government reduced the tax on petroleum products last week. A) If both Statements I and II are effects of independent causes B) If both Statements I and II are effects of some common cause C) If Statement I is the causes and Statement II is its effect D) If Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect State Government reduced the tax on petroleum products last week, that is why the price of petroleum products dropped marginally, so Statement II is the cause and Statement I is the effect. 47 / 50 47) Statement A In the university examination, overall performance of students from college ‘X’ was better than that of students from college ‘Y’. Statement B Majority of the students depend upon coaching classes for university examinations. A) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect B) If both statements are independent causes C) If both statements are effects of independent causes D) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect A seems to have happened as X is a better college. B seems to be the result of the falling standard of teaching in colleges. 48 / 50 48) Effect The prices of food grains and vegetables have increased by about 30% in the past three months. Which of the folllowing can be a probable cause of the above effect? A) Occupation of farming has not been viewed as a reputed work B) The number of farmers has reduced C) The prices of other products have increased more than 30% D) The farmers have decided to change their farming style The prices of foodgrains and vegetables have increased by about 30% due to increase of more than 30% in the price of other products, because farmers will need 30% more funding for purchasing other products 49 / 50 49) I. The Government has planned to make arrangements for supply of safe drinking water from Tehri Dam. II. The Ganga water at Kanpur is not even fit for bathing as it contains very high level of pollutants. A) If both Statements I and II are effects of some common cause B) If Statement II is the cause and Statement I is its effect C) If Statement I is the causes and Statement II is its effect D) If both Statements I and II are effects of independent causes Statement II is the cause i.e. Water of Ganga is not even fit for bathing and Statement I is its effect because Government is taking necessary action for the occurred problem. 50 / 50 50) Statement A The average day temperature of the city has increased by about 2 degrees in the current year over the average of past ten years. Statement B More people living in rural areas of the state have started migrating to the urban areas in comparison with the earlier year. A) If Statement A is the cause and Statement B is its effect B) If both statements are independent causes C) If Statement B is the cause and Statement A is its effect D) If both statements are effects of independent causes Both statements are effects of independent causes. 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